Novalek Inc.

Novalek  Newsletter

Dedicated Makers of Kordon Products

Kordon Articles

  July 18, 2007

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Here you will find more articles on the Novalek Web Site. Click on the article to learn more.
 


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Keep your eye on your e-mail for another exciting development from Kordon. Soon we will announce a great new product that will give you a way to quell your algae problems while saving money.

 

Thank you for reading. Remember you can contact us anytime with questions on how to be successful with fish.

 

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In this issue we will provide you with information the Kordon Articles on our web site.

There has been a continuing controversy over whether fish feel pain, and this subject has been of considerable concern to aquarists and pond keepers.  Following is a reference to a recent scientific study on this subject, including a coverage of what is currently known. 

Pain perception, aversion and fear in fish VA Braithwaite, P Boulcott (UK) Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (2007) 75:131-138 There is now compelling evidence that teleost fish [those fishes having calcified skeletons] possess similar nociceptive processing systems to those found in terrestrial vertebrates. Noxious stimulation of these nociceptors (specialized pain receptors) in the skin around the snout of fish generates neural activity that can be electrophysiologically recorded, and induces a number of behavioural and physiological changes. To determine whether changes in behaviour are more than simple responses to the noxious stimulation it is necessary to demonstrate that higher order cognitive processes such as mental state or 'affective state' are involved. However, quantifying the 'motivational affected state' of an animal (a concept encompassing not just pain but also fear, hunger, thirst and pleasure) is difficult owing to its subjectivity. Recent empirical work is beginning to test these concepts in fish, and we review a number of these studies and suggest how these general methodologies could be used to further our understanding of fish cognition and the capacity for fish to experience mental states such as fear or suffering.

Kordon Home Page on with 18 New Kordon Articles

Besides the changes and improvements made on the descriptions of Kordon products, there are new Kordon Articles now being added on Novalek's web site.  One of the most useful is "What the Beginning and Advancing Aquarist Absolutely Need to Know..."  which includes information that many advanced aquarists have not learned, or need reminding about.   New scientific information that has just been released is covered in the Kordon Article "The Importance of Removing Heavy Metals From Aquarium and Pond Water," that gives a whole new perspective to this very important subject in fish keeping. 

For more information go to www.novalek.com, click on the Kordon tab at the top of the page, and on the Kordon home page see the list of all the descriptions of aquarium and pond products and Kordon Articles. 

 
NEW ON THE KORDON WEB SITE!
 
Kordon's FishTube
 
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KORDON'S ALGAEQUEL IS COMING SOON TO A STORE NEAR YOU!

Sincerely,
 

Novalek, Inc. dedicated makers of Kordon & Oasis
2242 Davis Court
Hayward, CA 94545 USA
Phone, international: 1-800-877-7387
e-mail: info@novalek.com

 



2242 Davis Court, Hayward, CA 94545-1114, U.S.A.
Tel. (510) 782-4058 • Fax (510)784-0945 • Toll-Free: (800) 877-7387 • E-mail: info@novalek.com